Mattress testing in Europe is not mandatory. Yet, many mattress producers choose to undergo various performance tests and/or acquire certifications to provide good sleep for the long term. This article outlines the key procedures involved in mattress testing within the European market and the regulatory frameworks that support these processes.
Mechanical Testing of Durability & Hardness
In Europe, mattress testing is primarily governed by several standards set by European bodies such as the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). The European Standard that specifies test methods for the determination of the durability and hardness of mattresses and all types of fully erected beds with mattresses is EN 1957.
Mechanical testing evaluates the durability and comfort of mattresses under various conditions. The key tests include fatigue and rollator testing, which simulate long-term use by repeatedly applying force to the mattress to measure how it responds to prolonged weight and pressure. A typical test consists of 30,000 cycles with a 140kg rolling mill, simulating the normal usage of a mattress for 8 to 12 years. The best mattress would be the one that retains the same initial characteristics and provides the same support after several years of use.
Specialised Tests for e.g. Point Elasticity and Zoning Properties
There are no standardised European-wide tests for these types of mattress testing, but many governments set national standards. For example, DIN SPEC 68200 is a German standard that specifies test methods for determining functional mechanical characteristics of zone mattresses and zoned lying systems.
The zoning test is designed to assess how well a mattress provides differentiated support across various sections, often aligned with the body’s natural contours and weight distribution. This test is particularly relevant for mattresses that claim to offer zoned support, which means they are designed with different firmness levels in different areas to better support the body. A well-zoned mattress will show balanced pressure distribution and appropriate firmness levels in the designated zones.
The point of elasticity is the ability to push down a very small area without affecting the environment. This test can be used to assess whether the movements of a second person in bed disturb the sleep of others. The test is performed with an indenter that applies force to the mattress at two specific points. The indenter is just above the centre or core of the mattress and 450 mm to the side, coinciding with the shoulder area and the final value is the midpoint height between the two hemispheres.
Fire Safety Testing
Fire safety is a critical component of mattress testing, particularly in public environments like hotels or healthcare facilities. Fire-resistant mattresses can help prevent ignition and limit the flame spread, preventing fire and allowing longer escape times for occupants. The EN 597-1 and EN 597-2 are standard test mattresses for their resistance to ignition from cigarettes and open flames. The testing process involves, amongst others (i) Smoldering Test: A lit cigarette is placed on the mattress to evaluate whether it ignites or smolders; (ii) Open Flame Test (EN 597-2): A small open flame is applied to the mattress surface to test its fire resistance.
In addition to the EN 597 standards, other regulations such as the UK’s BS 7177 (for domestic and contract use) may apply, depending on the country of sale.
Consumer Comfort and Usability Testing
In addition to safety and durability, consumer satisfaction is a key focus – and here the comfort of a mattress plays a pivotal role. Key aspects of comfort testing include:
- Assessing the overall comfort level of the mattress from the perspective of the user
- Determining how far a person sinks and whether they get the right support
- Evaluating the additional factors contributing to a restful sleep experience
Comfort tests are typically subjective and objective evaluations of the mattress’ firmness levels to ensure they meet the expectations of different consumer groups.
Testing of Chemical Emissions
To ensure mattresses are free from harmful chemicals, various tests are conducted depending on the mattress component. These include:
- VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) Emission Testing: These tests measure the levels of VOCs emitted from the mattress, ensuring they are within safe limits both for humans and the environment.
- Chemical Substance Testing: Ensures that mattresses are free from substances such as formaldehyde, pesticides, and heavy metals.
CertiPUR is the European certification scheme for flexible polyurethane foam used in bedding and upholstery furniture applications. Various other certification schemes exist as well that look at e.g. textile or latex foam.
Certification labels such as CertiPUR enable individual component producers to reassure bedding manufacturers of the quality of their products, allowing them to give customers and consumers an additional layer of confidence.
More tests exist…
Above-described tests are not the only ones that mattresses are subject to. Other types of tests look at, for example;
- Allergen and Dust Mite Resistance: Testing for anti-allergenic properties ensures mattresses do not promote the accumulation of allergens or dust mites.
- Temperature Regulation: Mattresses can also be tested for their ability to regulate body temperature during sleep, especially for products designed with cooling technologies.
- Testing of Acoustic Properties: Measures the noise produced by the mattress when in use, ensuring it is minimal and does not disrupt sleep.
- Recyclability Testing: Ensuring materials used in the mattress can be easily recycled at the end of the product’s life cycle.
- Sustainable Sourcing: Verifying that raw materials, such as latex or textiles, are sourced from environmentally friendly and ethical suppliers.
Final Thoughts
Mattress testing procedures in Europe are not so different from other parts of the world. These tests are essential to ensure the safety, comfort, and durability of the products consumers rely on for a good night’s sleep. They not only protect consumers from potential hazards but also guarantee that mattresses offer long-term value. For consumers, this means more confidence when purchasing mattresses, knowing that they have been rigorously tested to meet European standards. At the same time, the testing processes encourage innovation within the industry, as companies look for new ways to improve comfort, health benefits, and eco-friendliness.
